论文标题
两组分波暗物质的宇宙学模拟
Cosmological Simulations of Two-Component Wave Dark Matter
论文作者
论文摘要
Wave（模糊）暗物质（$ψ$ dm）由超轻玻色子组成，其中具有粒状光环中的孤子芯。在这里，我们将$ψ$ dm扩展到两个组件，具有不同的粒子质量$ m $，并且仅通过重力耦合，并通过宇宙学模拟研究了所得的孤子 - 哈洛结构。具体而言，我们假设$ψ$ dm包含$ 75 $的主要成分和$ 25 $的较小成分，将主要组分粒子质量固定在$ m _ {\ rm major} = 1 \ times10^{ - 22} { - 22} \，{\ rm ev} $，并探索两种不同的次要粒子粒子，并探索$ m m _ _ _ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ mm {小调} = 3：1 $和$ 1：3 $。对于$ m _ {\ rm major}：m _ {\ rm minor} = 3：1 $，我们发现（i）（i）主要成分和次要的孤子共存，具有可比的质量，并且大致同心。 （ii）孤子峰密度明显低于单组分的对应物，从而导致孤子到旋转的过渡和旋转曲线更平滑。 （iii）两个组分的孤子质量均遵循相同的单组分核心质量关系。与之形成鲜明对比的是，对于$ m _ {\ rm major}：m _ {\ rm minor} = 1：3 $，次要组件孤子无法与稳定的主要组件soliton在一起；因此，对于光环和孤子，总密度曲线都由主要组成部分主导，并紧随单一组件情况。为了支持这一发现，我们提出了一个玩具模型，说明在与深度重力潜力相关的热环境中很难形成孤子。这项工作表明，添加到多组件$ψ$ dm模型中的额外灵活性可以在保留其关键功能的同时，可以在单组分模型上解决观察性张力。
Wave (fuzzy) dark matter ($ψ$DM) consists of ultralight bosons, featuring a solitonic core within a granular halo. Here we extend $ψ$DM to two components, with distinct particle masses $m$ and coupled only through gravity, and investigate the resulting soliton-halo structure via cosmological simulations. Specifically, we assume $ψ$DM contains $75$ per cent major component and $25$ per cent minor component, fix the major-component particle mass to $m_{\rm major}=1\times10^{-22}\,{\rm eV}$, and explore two different minor-component particle masses with $m_{\rm major}:m_{\rm minor}=3:1$ and $1:3$, respectively. For $m_{\rm major}:m_{\rm minor}=3:1$, we find that (i) the major- and minor-component solitons coexist, have comparable masses, and are roughly concentric. (ii) The soliton peak density is significantly lower than the single-component counterpart, leading to a smoother soliton-to-halo transition and rotation curve. (iii) The combined soliton mass of both components follows the same single-component core-halo mass relation. In dramatic contrast, for $m_{\rm major}:m_{\rm minor}=1:3$, a minor-component soliton cannot form with the presence of a stable major-component soliton; the total density profile, for both halo and soliton, is thus dominated by the major component and closely follows the single-component case. To support this finding, we propose a toy model illustrating that it is difficult to form a soliton in a hot environment associated with a deep gravitational potential. The work demonstrates the extra flexibility added to the multi-component $ψ$DM model can resolve observational tensions over the single-component model while retaining its key features.
