论文标题
具有动力学势能的冷凝物中的密度和相结构域壁
Density-and-phase domain walls in a condensate with dynamical gauge potentials
论文作者
论文摘要
我们展示了一个人如何使用密度依赖量规的电势生成域壁，该域壁将高密度区域和相反矩的高密度区域分离，而较小的载体状态相反。在一个毛pitaevskii的框架内，我们阐明了向量和标量电势的独特作用，以及它们如何导致局部位于域壁的合成电磁场。特别是，陡峭密度梯度的动能成本由静电场补偿，该静电场将颗粒从特殊的密度中推开。我们在一个维度上以数值显示，这种域壁对于排斥接触相互作用而言更为突出，并且通过一阶相变在强度的电场上会在临界点结束，随着磁场的降低，它会在强电场上进行亚抗。我们的发现是建立在最近的实验发展的基础上，并且可以在摇摆的光学晶格中以冷原子实现，从而提供了对动态仪表场引起的集体现象的见解。
We show how one can generate domain walls that separate high- and low-density regions with opposite momenta in the ground state of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate using a density-dependent gauge potential. Within a Gross-Pitaevskii framework, we elucidate the distinct roles of vector and scalar potentials and how they lead to synthetic electromagnetic fields that are localized at the domain wall. In particular, the kinetic energy cost of a steep density gradient is compensated by an electrostatic field that pushes particles away from a special value of density. We show numerically in one dimension that such a domain wall is more prominent for repulsive contact interactions, and becomes metastable at strong electric fields through a first-order phase transition that ends at a critical point as the field is reduced. Our findings build on recent experimental developments and may be realized with cold atoms in a shaken optical lattice, providing insights into collective phenomena arising from dynamical gauge fields.
