论文标题

区块链的可伸缩性和安全性:快速变化委员会之间的通信变得简单

Blockchain Scalability and Security: Communications Among Fast-Changing Committees Made Simple

论文作者

Mariani, Andrea, Mariani, Gianluca, Pennino, Diego, Pizzonia, Maurizio

论文摘要

对于无许可的区块链,可伸缩性至关重要。尽管当前的技术仍然无法充分解决这个问题,但许多研究工作提出了碎片或其他广泛采用交易并行处理的技术。在这些方法中,潜在的大量节点委员会独立执行共识并处理新的交易。因此,除了定期内部委员会的沟通外,(1)必须将新交易交付给正确的委员会,(2)委员会还需要进行交流以处理碎片间交易或(3)以交换中间结果。为了慢慢地适应对手,应经常改变委员会。但是,与经常改变委员会的有效沟通很难。 我们提出了一种简单的方法,即使委员会经常更改委员会,我们也可以隐式选择委员会成员并有效地向特定委员会的所有成员传达信息。我们的设计的目的是提供委员会的选择程序,并在文献中目前提出的大多数可扩展区块链体系结构中应用委员会的沟通原始沟通。我们提供了理论上的方法证明我们方法的安全性和第一个实验结果,表明我们的方法在实践中可能是可行的。

For permissionless blockchains, scalability is paramount. While current technologies still fail to address this problem fully, many research works propose sharding or other techniques that extensively adopt parallel processing of transactions. In these approaches, a potentially large number of committees of nodes independently perform consensus and process new transactions. Hence, in addition to regular intra-committee communication, (1) new transactions have to be delivered to the right committee, (2) committees need to communicate to process inter-shard transactions or (3) to exchange intermediate results. To contrast slowly adaptive adversaries, committees should be frequently changed. However, efficient communication to frequently-changing committees is hard. We propose a simple approach that allows us to implicitly select committee members and effectively deliver messages to all members of a specific committee, even when committees are changed frequently. The aim of our design is to provide a committee selection procedure and a committee-targeted communication primitive to be applied in most of the scalable blockchain architectures that are currently proposed in literature. We provide a theoretical proof of the security of our approach and first experimental results that shows that our approach might be feasible in practice.

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