论文标题

深度学习驱动的语义通信与后门攻击的脆弱性

Vulnerabilities of Deep Learning-Driven Semantic Communications to Backdoor (Trojan) Attacks

论文作者

Sagduyu, Yalin E., Erpek, Tugba, Ulukus, Sennur, Yener, Aylin

论文摘要

本文突出了深度学习驱动的语义通信与后门(特洛伊木马)攻击的漏洞。语义通信旨在传达所需的含义,同时将信息从发射器传输到接收器。由两个深神经网络(DNN)表示的编码器 - 码头对通过在有限数量的通道用途中传输小尺寸的潜在特征,以重建接收器的图像,以重建诸如接收器的图像之类的信号。同时,接收器的另一个语义任务分类器的DNN与自动编码器共同培训,以检查传达给接收器的含义。 DNNS的复杂决策空间使语义通信容易受到对抗操纵的影响。在后门(特洛伊木马)攻击中,对手将触发器添加到一小部分训练样本中,并将标签更改为目标标签。当考虑图像的传输时,可以将触发器添加到图像或等效到相应的发送或接收的信号。在测试时间,对手通过提供中毒样本作为语义通信的编码器(或解码器)的输入来激活这些触发因素。后门攻击可以有效地将中有毒输入样本传递的语义信息更改为目标含义。随着语义通信的性能随信噪比和频道用途的数量而提高,后门攻击的成功也会增加。同样,提高训练数据中的特洛伊木马比率使攻击更加成功。同时,这次攻击对未填充的输入样品的影响仍然有限。总体而言,本文表明,后门攻击对语义通信构成了严重威胁,并提出了新颖的设计指南,以在有后门攻击的情况下保留转移信息的含义。

This paper highlights vulnerabilities of deep learning-driven semantic communications to backdoor (Trojan) attacks. Semantic communications aims to convey a desired meaning while transferring information from a transmitter to its receiver. An encoder-decoder pair that is represented by two deep neural networks (DNNs) as part of an autoencoder is trained to reconstruct signals such as images at the receiver by transmitting latent features of small size over a limited number of channel uses. In the meantime, another DNN of a semantic task classifier at the receiver is jointly trained with the autoencoder to check the meaning conveyed to the receiver. The complex decision space of the DNNs makes semantic communications susceptible to adversarial manipulations. In a backdoor (Trojan) attack, the adversary adds triggers to a small portion of training samples and changes the label to a target label. When the transfer of images is considered, the triggers can be added to the images or equivalently to the corresponding transmitted or received signals. In test time, the adversary activates these triggers by providing poisoned samples as input to the encoder (or decoder) of semantic communications. The backdoor attack can effectively change the semantic information transferred for the poisoned input samples to a target meaning. As the performance of semantic communications improves with the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of channel uses, the success of the backdoor attack increases as well. Also, increasing the Trojan ratio in training data makes the attack more successful. In the meantime, the effect of this attack on the unpoisoned input samples remains limited. Overall, this paper shows that the backdoor attack poses a serious threat to semantic communications and presents novel design guidelines to preserve the meaning of transferred information in the presence of backdoor attacks.

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