论文标题

部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测

Quantum trajectories of dissipative time-crystals

论文作者

Cabot, Albert, Muhle, Leah Sophie, Carollo, Federico, Lesanovsky, Igor

论文摘要

最近用密集激光驱动的原子气体进行的实验[G. Ferioli等人,Arxiv:2207.10361(2022)]已经实现了一个多体系统,在热力学极限中产生了所谓的边界时间晶体。这种物质的状态通过连贯驾驶与集体耗散之间的竞争稳定。从原则上讲,上述实验允许通过观察输出光场状态来获得有关系统非平衡动力学的原位信息。我们表明,光子计数信号以及同源电流允许在时间晶体相变处识别和表征临界行为。在过渡点,发射信号的动力学具有缓慢的漂移,并散布着突然的强波动。这些波动事件之间的平均时间显示了具有系统大小的幂律缩放,​​并且可以通过简单的非线性相模型来解释这种特殊动力学的起源。我们进一步表明,时间集成的同源电流可以用作有用的动力学阶参数。从这个角度来看,时间晶体可以被视为一种与不同振荡模式共存的物质。

Recent experiments with dense laser-driven atomic gases [G. Ferioli et al., arXiv:2207.10361 (2022)] have realized a many-body system which in the thermodynamic limit yields a so-called boundary time-crystal. This state of matter is stabilized by the competition between coherent driving and collective dissipation. The aforementioned experiment in principle allows to gain in situ information on the nonequilibrium dynamics of the system by observing the state of the output light field. We show that the photon count signal as well as the homodyne current allow to identify and characterize critical behavior at the time-crystal phase transition. At the transition point the dynamics of the emission signals feature slow drifts, which are interspersed with sudden strong fluctuations. The average time between these fluctuation events shows a power-law scaling with system size, and the origin of this peculiar dynamics can be explained through a simple non-linear phase model. We furthermore show that the time-integrated homodyne current can serve as a useful dynamical order parameter. From this perspective the time-crystal can be viewed as a state of matter in which different oscillation patterns coexist.

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