论文标题
美国各地的“锈带”：全国范围内的块级剥夺指数的应用
"Rust Belt" Across America: An Application of a Nationwide, Block-Group-Level Deprivation Index
论文作者
论文摘要
在美国，底特律等大型后工业引用以高水平的社会经济剥夺而闻名。但是，尽管底特律是一个例外的情况，但在其他大城市以及较小的城镇和农村地区仍然可以找到相似的剥夺水平。这项研究在隔离超过底特律中位数的“高剥夺”区域之前，在较低48个州和DC中计算了所有块组的标准化度量。对这些块组进行了调查和绘制，并在83个城市以及人口超过250,000的城市以及各种规模的地方和地点。底特律被证明确实是独一无二的，这不仅是由于其剥夺水平（高于该国95％），而且还因为在整个城市中占据了高度剥夺的块群体。几乎每个大城市都可以找到较小，更集中的高剥夺口袋，而20,000名居民的一些城市在高剥夺地区的份额甚至更大。城市高剥夺区的百分比与整体贫困，人口密度和白人居民的百分比呈正相关，并且与黑人居民的份额负相关。
In the United States, large post-industrial cites such as Detroit are well-known for high levels of socioeconomic deprivation. But while Detroit is an exceptional case, similar levels of deprivation can still be found in other large cities, as well as in smaller towns and rural areas. This study calculates a standardized measure for all block groups in the lower 48 states and DC, before isolating "high-deprivation" areas that exceed Detroit's median value. These block groups are investigated and mapped for the 83 cities with populations above 250,000, as well as at the state level and for places of all sizes. Detroit is shown to indeed be unique not only for its levels of deprivation (which are higher than 95 percent of the country), but also for the dispersion of highly-deprived block groups throughout the city. Smaller, more concentrated pockets of high deprivation can be found in nearly every large city, and some cities below 20,000 residents have an even larger share of high-deprivation areas. Cities' percentages of high-deprivation areas are positively related to overall poverty, population density, and the percentage of White residents, and negatively related to the share of Black residents.
