论文标题

以基础设施为中心的区块链代币学的控制理论方法

A Control Theoretic Approach to Infrastructure-Centric Blockchain Tokenomics

论文作者

Akcin, Oguzhan, Streit, Robert P., Oommen, Benjamin, Vishwanath, Sriram, Chinchali, Sandeep

论文摘要

有多种基于区块链的物理基础架构系统,在启用加密货币的代币经济上运行,基础架构供应商获得了启用,验证,管理和/或确保系统的代币的奖励。但是,当今的代币经济体的设计主要是没有基础架构系统的,并且通常以固定的令牌供应(例如比特币)运行。本文认为,基础设施网络的代币经济体应该以不同的方式进行构建 - 他们应该不断激励新供应商加入网络,以向生态系统提供服务和支持。因此,相关的令牌奖励应随着分散系统的规模而优雅地扩展,但应仔细平衡消费者对管理通货膨胀的需求,并设计为最终达到平衡。为了达到这样的平衡,分散的令牌经济应具有适应性和可控性,以便最大化所有用户的总效用,例如实现稳定(总体非通知)代币经济体。 我们的主要贡献是将基础设施代币经济体模型为动态系统 - 循环令牌的供应,价格和消费者需求的需求变化是向节点支付的款项以及基础设施服务的消费者成本的函数。至关重要的是,这种动态系统视图使我们能够利用数学控制理论的工具来优化整体分散网络的性能。此外,我们的模型很容易扩展到控制器和节点之间的stackelberg游戏,我们将其用于强大的战略定价。简而言之,我们开发了基于预测的,基于优化的控制器,以超过传统算法的稳定启发式启发式,最高为$ 2.4 \ times $ $在仿真中,基于现有分散的无线网络的真实需求数据。

There are a multitude of Blockchain-based physical infrastructure systems, operating on a crypto-currency enabled token economy, where infrastructure suppliers are rewarded with tokens for enabling, validating, managing and/or securing the system. However, today's token economies are largely designed without infrastructure systems in mind, and often operate with a fixed token supply (e.g., Bitcoin). This paper argues that token economies for infrastructure networks should be structured differently - they should continually incentivize new suppliers to join the network to provide services and support to the ecosystem. As such, the associated token rewards should gracefully scale with the size of the decentralized system, but should be carefully balanced with consumer demand to manage inflation and be designed to ultimately reach an equilibrium. To achieve such an equilibrium, the decentralized token economy should be adaptable and controllable so that it maximizes the total utility of all users, such as achieving stable (overall non-inflationary) token economies. Our main contribution is to model infrastructure token economies as dynamical systems - the circulating token supply, price, and consumer demand change as a function of the payment to nodes and costs to consumers for infrastructure services. Crucially, this dynamical systems view enables us to leverage tools from mathematical control theory to optimize the overall decentralized network's performance. Moreover, our model extends easily to a Stackelberg game between the controller and the nodes, which we use for robust, strategic pricing. In short, we develop predictive, optimization-based controllers that outperform traditional algorithmic stablecoin heuristics by up to $2.4 \times$ in simulations based on real demand data from existing decentralized wireless networks.

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