论文标题
低温X射线成像光谱仪的过渡边缘传感器
Transition-Edge Sensors for cryogenic X-ray imaging spectrometers
论文作者
论文摘要
在天体物理学，实验室天体物理学，等离子体物理学，粒子物理学和材料分析的领域，大量的超导型过渡传感器（TES）微钙化器正在成为未来基于空间的X射线观测器和地面实验的关键技术。由于它们的尖锐的超导向正常过渡，苔丝可以在检测到非常低温下的温度变化时获得非常高的灵敏度。基于TES的X射线检测器是非分散性光谱仪，同时使高分辨率能力，成像能力和高量子效率融合在一起。在本章中，我们强调了苔丝操作和设计背后的基本原理及其基本的噪声限制。我们将进一步详细介绍指导检测器设计和优化的关键基本物理过程。然后，在引入新颖的多像素TES设计并讨论未来几十年中未来X射线空间任务中的应用程序之前，我们将描述太空飞行仪器的脉冲处理和重要的校准注意事项。
Large arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters are becoming the key technology for future space-based X-ray observatories and ground-based experiments in the fields of astrophysics, laboratory astrophysics, plasma physics, particle physics and material analysis. Thanks to their sharp superconducting-to-normal transition, TESs can achieve very high sensitivity in detecting small temperature changes at very low temperature. TES based X-ray detectors are non-dispersive spectrometers bringing together high resolving power, imaging capability and high-quantum efficiency simultaneously. In this chapter, we highlight the basic principles behind the operation and design of TESs, and their fundamental noise limits. We will further elaborate on the key fundamental physics processes that guide the design and optimization of the detector. We will then describe pulse-processing and important calibration considerations for space flight instruments, before introducing novel multi-pixel TES designs and discussing applications in future X-ray space missions over the coming decades.
