论文标题
在晶格规程中的动态量子相变和纠缠层析成像的量子计算
Quantum computation of dynamical quantum phase transitions and entanglement tomography in a lattice gauge theory
论文作者
论文摘要
远离平衡的强耦合量规理论可能会表现出独特的特征，可以照亮早期宇宙，强子和离子墙面的物理学。通过经典的模拟方法，研究实时现象已被证明具有挑战性，但自然地应用了量子模拟。为了证明这一前景，我们量子计算了非平衡的时间相关函数，并对简单的晶格量规理论的非平衡状态进行纠缠层析成像，使用IONQ Inc.的陷阱ION量子计算机作为近时间设备的理想目标，是最近预测的近期设备的理想目标[Zache等。莱特牧师。 122, 050403 (2019)] dynamical quantum phase transition in this model is studied by preparing, quenching, and tracking the subsequent non-equilibrium dynamics in three ways: i) overlap echos signaling dynamical transitions, ii) non-equal time correlation functions with an underlying topological nature, and iii) the entanglement structure of non-equilibrium states, including entanglement Hamiltonians.这些结果构成了对量子计算机上晶格量规理论的动态量子相变的首次观察，并且是使用量子技术研究核和高能物理学中拓扑现象的第一步。
Strongly-coupled gauge theories far from equilibrium may exhibit unique features that could illuminate the physics of the early universe and of hadron and ion colliders. Studying real-time phenomena has proven challenging with classical-simulation methods, but is a natural application of quantum simulation. To demonstrate this prospect, we quantum compute non-equal time correlation functions and perform entanglement tomography of non-equilibrium states of a simple lattice gauge theory, the Schwinger model, using a trapped-ion quantum computer by IonQ Inc. As an ideal target for near-term devices, a recently-predicted [Zache et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 050403 (2019)] dynamical quantum phase transition in this model is studied by preparing, quenching, and tracking the subsequent non-equilibrium dynamics in three ways: i) overlap echos signaling dynamical transitions, ii) non-equal time correlation functions with an underlying topological nature, and iii) the entanglement structure of non-equilibrium states, including entanglement Hamiltonians. These results constitute the first observation of a dynamical quantum phase transition in a lattice gauge theory on a quantum computer, and are a first step toward investigating topological phenomena in nuclear and high-energy physics using quantum technologies.
