论文标题
火星表面机组任务的辐射保护和屏蔽材料
Radiation protection and shielding materials for crewed missions on the surface of Mars
论文作者
论文摘要
潜在的船员任务将要求我们解决许多问题，包括如何保护宇航员免受太阳能和银河系来源的能量电荷颗粒的破坏性影响。火星上的辐射环境特别令人感兴趣，因为宇航员维持最佳吸收剂量对于它们的生存至关重要。在这里，我们概述了由理论模型和原位测量确定的火星条件，并提出了在火星上减轻辐射暴露的主要策略。具体来说，我们专注于被动屏蔽技术。在火星环境中，研究了几种广泛使用的材料，以及一些创新的材料，以针对太阳能颗粒事件和银河宇宙射线的行为进行研究。为此，我们实现了由CERN开发的蒙特卡洛数值模型Geant4软件包，该软件包专门用于模拟辐射与物质的相互作用。将对我们的模型进行描述，然后给出数值模型的输出。我们得出的结论是，富含氢的材料是预期的更好的衰减剂，但其他材料也可能对宇宙射线有所帮助。
A potential crewed mission to Mars would require us to solve a number of problems, including how to protect astronauts against the devastating effects of energetic charged particles from Solar and Galactic sources. The radiation environment on Mars is of particular interest, since maintaining optimal absorbed doses by astronauts is crucial to their survival. Here, we give an overview of the conditions on Mars, as determined by theoretical models and in-situ measurements, and present the main proposed strategies to mitigate radiation exposure while on Mars. Specifically, we focus on the passive shielding technique. Several widely used materials, along with some innovative ones and combinations of those, are studied for their behavior against Solar Energetic Particle Events and Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Martian environment. For that purpose, we implement the GEANT4 package, a Monte-Carlo numerical model developed by CERN, which is specifically applied to simulate interactions of radiation with matter. A description of our model will be given, followed by outputs of the numerical model. We conclude that hydrogen-rich materials act as better attenuators, as expected, but other materials can be helpful against cosmic rays too.
