论文标题
用千里平衡测量惯性质量
Measuring inertial mass with Kibble balance
论文作者
论文摘要
千里平衡通过平衡测试质量与电磁升力力的重力拉力来测量测试质量的$重力$质量（重量）。当前，这种质量测量的不确定性是$ 1 \ times 10^{ - 8} $。我们展示了如何使用相同的千里平衡来测量测试质量的$惯性$质量，这也可能具有50％更好的测量不确定性，即〜$ 5 \ $ 5 \ times 10^{ - 9} $。为了测量惯性质量，测试质量的重量及其组件的重量是通过配重来精确平衡的。已知电磁力的应用加速了测试质量。在受控的经过的时间后测量速度可提供加速度，因此，加速组件的惯性质量包括千里平衡线圈和质量保持锅。用添加到组件中的测试质量重复测量值并进行两个测量之间的差异会产生测试质量的惯性质量。因此，具有粗磨平衡的测试质量的极端惯性和重力质量测量可以提供对等原理的测试。我们讨论两个质量与普朗克常数和其他耦合常数如何相关，以及如何使用千里平衡来测试狄拉克宇宙学中的动态常数理论。
A Kibble balance measures the $gravitational$ mass (weight) of a test mass with extreme precision by balancing the gravitational pull on the test mass against the electromagnetic lift force. The uncertainty in such mass measurement is currently ~$1\times 10^{-8} $. We show how the same Kibble balance can be used to measure the $inertial$ mass of a test mass, that too with potentially 50% better measurement uncertainty, i.e., ~$5\times 10^{-9} $. For measuring the inertial mass, the weight of the test mass and the assembly holding it is precisely balanced by a counterweight. The application of the known electromagnetic force accelerates the test mass. Measuring the velocity after a controlled elapsed time provides the acceleration and, consequently, the inertial mass of the accelerated assembly comprising the Kibble balance coil and the mass holding pan. Repeating the measurement with the test mass added to the assembly and taking the difference between the two measurements yields the inertial mass of the test mass. Thus, the extreme precision inertial and gravitational mass measurement of a test mass with a Kibble balance could provide a test of the equivalence principle. We discuss how the two masses are related to the Planck constant and other coupling constants and if the Kibble balance could be used to test the dynamic constants theories in Dirac cosmology.
