论文标题
GSMFLOW:生成转移缓解流动的流量
GSMFlow: Generation Shifts Mitigating Flow for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning
论文作者
论文摘要
广义的零射击学习(GZSL)旨在通过将语义知识从可见的类别转移到看不见的阶级来识别所见类和看不见的类别的图像。这是一个有希望的解决方案,它可以利用生成模型来根据从所见类中学到的知识来幻觉现实的看不见的样本。但是,由于产生的变化,大多数现有方法的合成样品可能从看不见的数据的实际分布中偏离。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个基于流动的生成框架,该框架由多种条件仿射耦合层组成,用于学习看不见的数据生成。具体而言,我们发现并解决了触发产生转移的三个潜在问题,即语义不一致,方差崩溃和结构障碍。首先,为了增强生成样品中语义信息的反射,我们将语义信息明确嵌入到每个条件仿射耦合层中的转换中。其次,为了恢复真正看不见的特征的内在差异,我们引入了一个边界样本挖掘策略,具有熵最大化,以发现语义原型的更困难的视觉变体,并在此调整分类器的决策边界。第三,提出了一种相对定位策略来修改属性嵌入,引导它们充分保留类间的几何结构,并进一步避免语义空间中的结构障碍。四个GZSL基准数据集的广泛实验结果表明,GSMFlow在GZSL上实现了最先进的性能。
Generalized Zero-Shot Learning (GZSL) aims to recognize images from both the seen and unseen classes by transferring semantic knowledge from seen to unseen classes. It is a promising solution to take the advantage of generative models to hallucinate realistic unseen samples based on the knowledge learned from the seen classes. However, due to the generation shifts, the synthesized samples by most existing methods may drift from the real distribution of the unseen data. To address this issue, we propose a novel flow-based generative framework that consists of multiple conditional affine coupling layers for learning unseen data generation. Specifically, we discover and address three potential problems that trigger the generation shifts, i.e., semantic inconsistency, variance collapse, and structure disorder. First, to enhance the reflection of the semantic information in the generated samples, we explicitly embed the semantic information into the transformation in each conditional affine coupling layer. Second, to recover the intrinsic variance of the real unseen features, we introduce a boundary sample mining strategy with entropy maximization to discover more difficult visual variants of semantic prototypes and hereby adjust the decision boundary of the classifiers. Third, a relative positioning strategy is proposed to revise the attribute embeddings, guiding them to fully preserve the inter-class geometric structure and further avoid structure disorder in the semantic space. Extensive experimental results on four GZSL benchmark datasets demonstrate that GSMFlow achieves the state-of-the-art performance on GZSL.