论文标题

评估州公共卫生机构的网站在COVID-19大流行期间,证明了设计可访问性的努力程度

Evaluation of websites of state public health agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrating the degree of effort to design for accessibility

论文作者

Pennathur, Arunkumar, Momenipour, Amirmasoud, Pennathur, Priyadarshini, Murphy, Brandon

论文摘要

自大流行开始以来,美国的每个州公共卫生机构都创建并维护了一个专门针对Covid 19的网站。我们的目标是评估这些网站以使其合规性准则。具体而言,我们根据不断增加的可访问性要求要求评估了网站开发人员为合并和满足可访问性合规标准所做的努力的结果。我们专注于49个州的首页和疫苗页面。在这项研究中,我们使用自动化的Achecker工具来评估AA,AA和AAA级别的WCAG 2.0指南的一致性,并符合第508C条的标准。我们还按比例0(无)到3(最高)手动评估了该网络开发人员已包含在页面上的特定可访问性功能。我们发现,违反可及性的行为在各州都普遍存在,但对于特定的可访问性标准而言,违反可及性。尽管在所有4种倒入可访问性原则中都检测到违规行为,但符合可感知性和可操作性原则的已知违规行为数量最多。 508C指南中的大多数违规发生在不提供脚本语言中的功能文本,而在不提供NONTEXT的文本等效方面发生。国家之间的努力和符合程度显着变化;大多数州表现出较低的努力,而一些尝试增强其网站可访问性的创新方法。这些努力似乎着重于达到最低阈值。目前尚不清楚网站是否是为可访问性设计的。

Since the beginning of the pandemic, every state public health agency in the United States has created and maintained a website dedicated to COVID 19. Our goal was to evaluate these websites for conformity to accessibility guidelines. Specifically, we assessed, on a scale of increasing levels of accessibility compliance requirements, the results of the efforts made by website developers to incorporate and meet accessibility compliance criteria. We focused on homepages and vaccine pages in 49 states. For this study, we used the automated AChecker tool to assess conformance to the WCAG 2.0 guidelines at A, AA and AAA levels of conformance, and conformance with the Section 508c standard. We also manually rated, on a scale 0 (none) to 3 (highest), the specific accessibility features, if any, that web developers had included on the pages. We found that accessibility violations were prevalent across states but to varying degrees for a specific accessibility criterion. Although violations were detected in all 4 POUR accessibility principles, the most number of known violations occurred in meeting the perceivability and operability principles. Most violations in 508c guidelines occurred in not providing functional text in scripting languages and in not providing text equivalents for nontext. The degree of effort and conformance significantly varied between states; a majority of states exhibited a lower degree of effort, while a few attempted innovative ways to enhance accessibility on their websites. The efforts seemed to focus on meeting the minimum threshold. It is not clear if websites were designed proactively for accessibility.

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