论文标题

主动VR流中的隐私泄漏:建模和权衡

Privacy Leakage in Proactive VR Streaming: Modeling and Tradeoff

论文作者

Wei, Xing, Yang, Chenyang, Sun, Chengjian

论文摘要

积极的基于瓷砖的虚拟现实(VR)视频流采用用户的观点来预测要请求的瓷砖,在播放之前提供预测的瓷砖。最近,已经发现,可以从上载以进行主动流的观点的痕迹来推断用户的身份和偏好,这表明景点泄漏会造成隐私泄漏。在本文中,我们努力回答有关主动VR视频流中观点泄漏的以下问题。观点何时泄漏?隐私保护方法(例如,使用无需培训的预测因素或在本地预测的预测指标)是否可以避免观点泄漏?我们发现,如果将预测错误或体验质量(QOE)指标上传以进行自适应流,那么即使使用隐私保护方法也可以推断出真实的观点。然后,我们定义了视点泄漏概率,以表征推断观点的准确性,并在上传预测误差和QOE度量时分别得出概率。我们发现,可以通过牺牲QoE或增加资源来降低视点泄漏概率。对真实数据集的最先进的预测指标的模拟表明,这种权衡仅在极少数情况下存在。

Proactive tile-based virtual reality (VR) video streaming employs the viewpoint of a user to predict the tiles to be requested, renders and delivers the predicted tiles before playback. Recently, it has been found that the identity and preference of the user can be inferred from the trace of viewpoint uploaded for proactive streaming, which indicates that viewpoint leakage incurs privacy leakage. In this paper, we strive to answer the following questions regarding viewpoint leakage during proactive VR video streaming. When is the viewpoint leaked? Can privacy-preserving approaches (e.g., federated or individual training, using predictors with no need for training, or predicting locally) avoid viewpoint leakage? We find that if the prediction error or the quality of experience (QoE) metric is uploaded for adaptive streaming, the real viewpoint can be inferred even with the privacy-preserving approaches. Then, we define viewpoint leakage probability to characterize the accuracy of the inferred viewpoint, and respectively derive the probability when uploading prediction error and QoE metric. We find that the viewpoint leakage probability can be reduced by sacrificing QoE or increasing resources. Simulation with the state-of-the-art predictor over a real dataset shows that such a tradeoff does not exist only in rare cases.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源