论文标题

两尺度的玻色酿凝结物:从星到星系

Two-Scalar Bose-Einstein Condensates: From Stars to Galaxies

论文作者

Guo, Huai-Ke, Sinha, Kuver, Sun, Chen, Swaim, Joshua, Vagie, Daniel

论文摘要

我们研究了由两个标量组成的Bose-Einstein冷凝物(BEC)系统的性质,重点是BEC是恒星量表以及当时是银河系尺度的情况。在研究了此类系统的稳定性并与现有的单个标量限制接触之后,我们使用爱因斯坦 - 克莱因 - 戈登(EKG)方程进行了两种相互作用的标量的数值研究,包括非严格的自我相互作用和物种之间的相互作用。我们表明,它们之间存在额外的标量和可能的相互作用可能会在BEC系统质量概况上留下独特的烙印,尤其是当系统从一个标量统治到另一个标量统治时。在恒星量表(非线性制度)下,我们观察到,$+ϕ_1^2 ϕ_2^2 $的两个标量量之间的排斥相互作用可以稳定BEC系统,并支持其至高的紧凑性,这一现象仅在$+ϕ^4 $系统中已知。我们对这种行为提供了简单的分析理解,并指出它可以导致Ligo-Virgo的有趣的引力波信号。另一方面,在银河尺度上,我们表明两个尺度的BEC可以解决当使用超轻的暗物质质量曲线拟合观察到的银河系核心质量谱时出现的缩放问题。最后,我们使用集体对称性断裂构建了一个具有排斥性的$ ϕ_1^2 ϕ_2^2 $的粒子模型。我们开发了一种快速的数值代码,该代码利用松弛方法求解心电系统,可以很容易地将其推广到多个标量。

We study the properties of Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) systems consisting of two scalars, focusing on both the case where the BEC is stellar scale as well as the case when it is galactic scale. After studying the stability of such systems and making contact with existing single scalar limits, we undertake a numerical study of the two interacting scalars using Einstein-Klein-Gordon (EKG) equations, including both non-gravitational self-interactions and interactions between the species. We show that the presence of extra scalars and possible interactions between them can leave unique imprints on the BEC system mass profile, especially when the system transitions from being dominated by one scalar to being dominated by the other. At stellar scales (nonlinear regime,) we observe that a repulsive interaction between the two scalars of the type $+ϕ_1^2 ϕ_2^2$ can stabilize the BEC system and support it up to high compactness, a phenomenon only known to exist in the $+ϕ^4$ system. We provide simple analytic understanding of this behavior and point out that it can lead to interesting gravitational wave signals at LIGO-Virgo. At galactic scales, on the other hand, we show that two-scalar BECs can address the scaling problem that arises when one uses ultralight dark matter mass profiles to fit observed galactic core mass profiles. In the end, we construct a particle model of two ultralight scalars with the repulsive $ϕ_1^2 ϕ_2^2$ interaction using collective symmetry breaking. We develop a fast numerical code that utilizes the relaxation method to solve the EKG system, which can be easily generalized to multiple scalars.

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