论文标题
气体和油勘探的机器学习
Machine Learning for Gas and Oil Exploration
论文作者
论文摘要
用于气体和油提取的钻孔是一个昂贵的过程,盈利能力在很大程度上取决于地下的特征。由于盈利能力是关键的成功因素,因此行业的公司利用良好的日志来事先探索地下。这些井对数包含井眼周围岩石的各种特征,这使岩石物理学家能够确定所预期的碳氢化合物量。但是,这些日志通常是不完整的,因此,随后的分析不能利用井日志的全部潜力。 在本文中,我们证明了机器学习可以应用于\ emph {填充差距}并估计缺失值。我们研究了培训数据的量如何影响预测的准确性以及如何最佳设计回归模型(梯度增强和神经网络)以获得最佳结果。然后,我们探索模型的预测,既有定量的预测,跟踪预测误差,又定性地捕获了具有深度的给定属性的测量值和预测值的演变。结合发现使我们能够开发出一个预测模型,该模型完成了井日志,从而提高了它们的质量和潜在的商业价值。
Drilling boreholes for gas and oil extraction is an expensive process and profitability strongly depends on characteristics of the subsurface. As profitability is a key success factor, companies in the industry utilise well logs to explore the subsurface beforehand. These well logs contain various characteristics of the rock around the borehole, which allow petrophysicists to determine the expected amount of contained hydrocarbon. However, these logs are often incomplete and, as a consequence, the subsequent analyses cannot exploit the full potential of the well logs. In this paper we demonstrate that Machine Learning can be applied to \emph{fill in the gaps} and estimate missing values. We investigate how the amount of training data influences the accuracy of prediction and how to best design regression models (Gradient Boosting and neural network) to obtain optimal results. We then explore the models' predictions both quantitatively, tracking the prediction error, and qualitatively, capturing the evolution of the measured and predicted values for a given property with depth. Combining the findings has enabled us to develop a predictive model that completes the well logs, increasing their quality and potential commercial value.