论文标题

黑洞光谱,无发品定理和GW150914:Kerr vs. occam

Black-hole spectroscopy, the no-hair theorem and GW150914: Kerr vs. Occam

论文作者

Bustillo, Juan Calderón, Lasky, Paul D., Thrane, Eric

论文摘要

“无头发”定理指出,天体物理黑洞仅具有两个数字:它们的质量和旋转。受扰动黑洞的重力波发射由抑制正弦的叠加组成,称为\ textit {qextit {quasi-Normolal模式}。准正常模式由三个整数$(\ ell,m,n)$指定:$(\ ell,m)$整数描述了角度属性,$(n)$指定了(上)音调。如果无毛定理成立,准正常模式的频率和阻尼时间由黑洞的质量和自旋唯一确定,而相位和振幅取决于特定的扰动。当前对无头性定理的测试,试图以半敏捷的方式识别这些模式,而不会对扰动来源强加先验。这通常称为\ textit {黑洞光谱}。将此框架应用于GW150914,第一个泛音的测量导致定理确认为$ 20 \%$级别。但是,我们表明,鉴于适合数据所需的泛音(和自由参数),这种半无形测试也无法提供有利于无发音的信号的有力证据。可以通过对扰动黑洞的起源进行先前的假设来解决这一问题,该假设可以进一步限制所探索的参数:特别是,我们知道,我们知道RINDDOWN是由二进制黑洞合并来源的。将此策略应用于GW150914,我们发现$ \ sim 6.5 $的天然日志贝叶斯因子有利于其残留物的Kerr性质,这表明毛茸茸的物体假设在Kerr Black-Hole方面被$ <1:600 $。

The "no-hair" theorem states that astrophysical black holes are fully characterised by just two numbers: their mass and spin. The gravitational-wave emission from a perturbed black-hole consists of a superposition of damped sinusoids, known as \textit{quasi-normal modes}. Quasi-normal modes are specified by three integers $(\ell,m,n)$: the $(\ell, m)$ integers describe the angular properties and $(n)$ specifies the (over)tone. If the no-hair theorem holds, the frequencies and damping times of quasi-normal modes are determined uniquely by the mass and spin of the black hole, while phases and amplitudes depend on the particular perturbation. Current tests of the no-hair theorem, attempt to identify these modes in a semi-agnostic way, without imposing priors on the source of the perturbation. This is usually known as \textit{black-hole spectroscopy}. Applying this framework to GW150914, the measurement of the first overtone led to the confirmation of the theorem to $20\%$ level. We show, however, that such semi-agnostic tests cannot provide strong evidence in favour of the no-hair theorem, even for extremely loud signals, given the increasing number of overtones (and free parameters) needed to fit the data. This can be solved by imposing prior assumptions on the origin of the perturbed black hole that can further constrain the explored parameters: in particular, our knowledge that the ringdown is sourced by a binary black hole merger. Applying this strategy to GW150914 we find a natural log Bayes factor of $\sim 6.5$ in favour of the Kerr nature of its remnant, indicating that the hairy object hypothesis is disfavoured with $<1:600$ with respect to the Kerr black-hole one.

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