论文标题

如弥漫间距模型所述,表面张力和接触角对温度的依赖性

Dependence of the surface tension and contact angle on the temperature, as described by the diffuse-interface model

论文作者

Benilov, E. S.

论文摘要

本文报告了与接触线的漫射界面模型(DIM)相关的四个结果。首先,得出边界条件,该条件指出,实心壁附近的流体必须具有一定的密度$ρ_{0} $,具体取决于固体的特性。与以前的派生不同,此处介绍的衍生是基于与昏暗本身相同的物理学,不需要其他假设。其次,渐近估计值用于检查位于昏暗基础以及所有其他接触线模型的猜想:液态蒸气接口几乎是等温线。事实证明,对于水而言,它们不是 - 尽管对于更粘性的液体,它们可以。非等热性发生在界面附近,但仍会影响接触线动力学。第三,昏暗的结合水的水状态方程式用于计算表面张力$σ$对温度$ t $的依赖性,这与经验$σ(t)$非常吻合。第四,同一框架用于计算水蒸气界面的静态接触角。结果表明,随着温度的升高,接触角变为$ 180^{\ circ} $(完美的疏水性)或$ 0^{\ circ} $(完美的亲水性),具体取决于$ρ_{0} $分别匹配饱和蒸气还是液体的密度。这种行为大概发生在所有流体中,不仅是水,而且参数的所有足够强大的变化,而不仅仅是温度的变化 - 这是通过可变电场下的现有滴落的现有观察结果所证实的。

Four results associated with the diffuse-interface model (DIM) for contact lines are reported in this paper. First, a boundary condition is derived, which states that the fluid near a solid wall must have a certain density $ρ_{0}$ depending on the solid's properties. Unlike previous derivations, the one presented here is based on the same physics as the DIM itself and does not require additional assumptions. Second, asymptotic estimates are used to check a conjecture lying at the foundation of the DIM, as well as all other models of contact lines: that liquid-vapor interfaces are nearly isothermal. It turns out that, for water, they are not -- although, for a more viscous fluid, they can be. The non-isothermaility occurs locally, near the interface, but can still affect the contact-line dynamics. Third, the DIM coupled with a realistic equation of state for water is used to compute the dependence of the surface tension $σ$ on the temperature $T$, which agrees well with the empiric $σ(T)$. Fourth, the same framework is used to compute the static contact angle of a water-vapor interface. It is shown that, with increasing temperature, the contact angle becomes either $180^{\circ}$ (perfect hydrophobicity) or $0^{\circ}$ (perfect hydrophilicity), depending on whether $ρ_{0}$ matches the density of saturated vapor or liquid, respectively. Such behavior presumably occurs in all fluids, not just water, and for all sufficiently strong variations of parameters, not just that of the temperature -- as corroborated by existing observations of drops under variable electric field.

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