论文标题

汉诺威100万原子干涉仪的重力场建模

Gravity field modelling for the Hannover 10m atom interferometer

论文作者

Schilling, Manuel, Wodey, Étienne, Timmen, Ludger, Tell, Dorothee, Zipfel, Klaus H., Schlippert, Dennis, Schubert, Christian, Rasel, Ernst M., Müller, Jürgen

论文摘要

绝对重量表(Ag)用于多种应用中的地球,地球物理学和物理学。从几天到几十年的时间尺度上,稳定的重量测量需要提供对地球物理过程的相关见解。 AGS的用户参与了与计量参考的比较,以监视仪器的时间稳定性并确定该参考的偏见。但是,由于目前尚无高级准确性的测量标准,因此AGS的用户参与了由CIPM领导的关键比较。与单个AG的校准相比,这些比较提供了最高精度的参考值。固定,大规模原子干涉仪的构造为一个绝对重量法的新测量标准铺平了道路,用作参考,在1 s集成时,潜在的稳定性高达1 nm/s $^2 $。在莱布尼兹大学汉诺威(Hannover),我们目前正在建造如此长的基线原子干涉仪,并具有10 m的相互作用区域。需要了解局部重力及其沿基线和基线周围的梯度,以建立仪器的不确定性预算,并能够将重量测量的转移到附近的设备进行比较和校准。因此,我们建立了一个用于相对重量表的控制网络,并在原子干涉仪的构建过程中反复测量了其连接。我们还开发了一种宿主建筑物的3D模型,以研究自我吸收效应,并研究了由于地下水水文对参考仪器周围重力场的质量变化的影响。建筑物3D模型的重力效应与最新的重量测量活动非常一致,该活动的可能性以低于10 nm/s $^2 $级别的不确定性转移重力值。

Absolute gravimeters (AG) are used in geodesy, geophysics, and physics for a wide spectrum of applications. Stable gravimetric measurements over timescales from several days to decades are required to provide relevant insight into geophysical processes. Users of AGs participate in comparisons with a metrological reference in order to monitor the temporal stability of the instruments and determine the bias to that reference. However, since no measurement standard of higher-order accuracy currently exists, users of AGs participate in key comparisons led by the CIPM. These comparisons provide the reference values of highest accuracy compared to the calibration against a single AG. The construction of stationary, large scale atom interferometers paves the way towards a new measurement standard in absolute gravimetry used as a reference with a potential stability up to 1 nm/s$^2$ at 1 s integration time. At the Leibniz University Hannover, we are currently building such a very long baseline atom interferometer with a 10 m long interaction zone. The knowledge of local gravity and its gradient along and around the baseline is required to establish the instrument's uncertainty budget and enable transfers of gravimetric measurements to nearby devices for comparison and calibration purposes. We therefore established a control network for relative gravimeters and repeatedly measured its connections during the construction of the atom interferometer. We additionally developed a 3D model of the host building to investigate the self-attraction effect and studied the impact of mass changes due to groundwater hydrology on the gravity field around the reference instrument. The gravitational effect from the building 3D model is in excellent agreement with the latest gravimetric measurement campaign which opens the possibility to transfer gravity values with an uncertainty below the 10 nm/s$^2$ level.

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