论文标题
引文分布的普遍性及其解释
Universality of citation distributions and its explanation
论文作者
论文摘要
十年前从经验上发现了引文分布的普遍性或近乎宇宙性，但到目前为止，其理论上的理由一直缺乏。在这里，我们系统地研究了不同学科的引用分布，以表征这种假定的普遍性并理论上理解它。使用我们校准的引文动力学模型，我们发现了对引文分布普遍性的微观解释，并从其中解释了偏差。我们证明，论文的引文数是一方面的适应性确定的 - 对于大多数论文而言，该属性是在发表时设定的。不同学科的适应性分布非常相似，可以通过对数正态分布近似。另一方面，论文的引文动态与有关其知识在科学界传播的机制有关。这种病毒式传播是非全世界和特定纪律的。因此，引文分布的普遍性将其起源追溯到健身分布，而偏离普遍性的偏差与论文的特定学科引用动力学有关。
Universality or near-universality of citation distributions was found empirically a decade ago but its theoretical justification has been lacking so far. Here, we systematically study citation distributions for different disciplines in order to characterize this putative universality and to understand it theoretically. Using our calibrated model of citation dynamics, we find microscopic explanation of the universality of citation distributions and explain deviations therefrom. We demonstrate that citation count of the paper is determined, on the one hand, by its fitness -- the attribute which, for most papers, is set at the moment of publication. The fitness distributions for different disciplines are very similar and can be approximated by the log-normal distribution. On another hand, citation dynamics of a paper is related to the mechanism by which the knowledge about it spreads in the scientific community. This viral propagation is non-universal and discipline-specific. Thus, universality of citation distributions traces its origin to the fitness distribution, while deviations from universality are associated with the discipline-specific citation dynamics of papers.
